View enhanced pdf access article on wiley online library html view download pdf for offline viewing. Ascospores germinate and infect pea over a range of tempatures 40 to 95. Ascochyta rabiei is an important foliar disease of chickpea in many countries. Breeding for host resistance is an efficient means to combat this disease. Draft genome sequencing and secretome analysis of fungal phytopathogen ascochyta rabiei provides insight into the necrotrophic effector repertoire. Mode of infection of ascochyta blight of chickpea caused. Management of ascochyta blight ascochyta r abiei in. Ascochyta blight is the most severe disease of coolseason pulses davidson and kimber, 2007. Use disease free seed foliar fungicide application should be based on scouting, field history and disease risk.
However, these crops are themselves affected by a number of foliar and root diseases, with ascochyta blights being one of the most important groups of. Figure 3 effect of infection on seed size and quality. Ascochyta blight caused by didymella rabiei anamorph. Cu nnell birkbeck college, university of london with 6 textfigures ascochyta acori oud, found on dead leaves of acorus calamus l. In this paper, attempts have been made to summarize the progress made in identifying resistance. Management of ascochyta rabiei by chenopodium album.
Management of ascochyta blight ascochyta rabiei in. The disease is particularly severe under cool and humid weather conditions. Status of ascochyta rabiei of chickpea in the mediterranean basin. Herein, we report on the discovery of the didymella teleomorph of ascochyta pisi, and show the phylogenetic placement of that fungus with respect to a representative isolate of d. To understand the composition of fungi associated with this disease in zhejiang. Pdf abstract ascochyta blight is the ethiopias most important disease of chickpea that.
Recent epidemics in the united states 1980s and australia 1990s caused major industry disruptions, reflected by a sharp decline in the area sown. Genetics of virulence in ascochyta rabiei peever 2012. Pdf chenopodium album, leaves were selected to evaluate their antifungal. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. An adequate level of genetic resistance is not available in the cultivated genotypes and fungicides become ineffective under the high disease pressure. Development of the teleomorph of ascochyta rabiei on culture media. This page was last edited on 10 december 2019, at 01.
Ascochyta lesions on chickpea pods, leaves and stems. Management ndsu extension service north dakota state university fargo, north dakota 58105 june 2008 figure 1. Ascochyta blight of chickpeas plant management network. Ascochyta blight, caused by ascochyta rabiei, is a major constraint to chickpea production in australia. The others are sclerotinia stem rot white mold and. It also produces toxins, for example, solana pyrones a, b, c, and phytotoxins that kill host tissue. Introduction on infected seed occurred in australia and canada in the 1970s, and was probably the. Fungal material singlespore cultures of all isolates were used to inoculate chickpea stem pieces, which were then stored in a dry state for future use. Development of ascochyta blight ascochyta rabiei in chickpea as affected by host resistance and plant age. Ascochyta rabiei, a necrotrophic ascomycete fungus, causes a very lethal soilborne and foliar disease in chickpea called ascochyta blight.
Legume crops provide an excellent source of high quality plant protein and have a key role in arable crop rotations reducing the need for fertilizer application and acting as breakcrops facilitating management of pests, diseases and weeds. In recent years this disease has become the most important disease in chickpeas. A diagnostic test based on restriction fragment length polymorphism rflp analysis of polymerase chain reaction pcr amplified dna was developed to detect a. Pdf management of ascochyta blight ascochyta rabiei in. Epidemiology and management of ascochyta blight of field pea. The amplicon from this pcr reaction, when digested with the restriction enzymes nla iv and sau 96i, gives a distinct banding pattern that can be used to. Isolation of ascochyta rabiei and a convenient method for copious inoculum production. Ascochyta blight is one of three major disease problems affecting garbanzos in the central valley of california. Didymella rabiei is the teleomorph of ascochyta rabiei, which is the anamorph, but both names are the same species. Abstract ascochyta blight is the ethiopias most important disease of chickpea that affects the quantitative and qualitative chickpea yield. The primary inoculum source that initiates disease epidemics is airborne ascospores released from fungal fruiting bodies pycnidia and perithecia on infested crop debris.
Mode of infection of ascochyta blight of chickpea caused by. Production of chickpea in the rainy season main cropping in ethiopia could not be envisaged without fungicide application to control ascochyta rabiei. The ascochyta blight pathogen grows from the seed to the seedling and even a few infected seedlings can be a source of disease spread. Chlorothalonil, carbendazim and mancozeb were used to control a. The primers amplify the internal transcribed spacer its regions of a. A comparative study of turkish and israeli populations of. The genus was first described in 1830 by marieanne libert, who regarded the spores as minute asci and the cell contents as spherical spore. Evaluation of various fungicides for the control of. In planta identification of putative pathogenicity factors. Plant sciences group, po box 84, lincoln university, canterbury, new zealand abstract.
Ascochyta fabae attacks vicia faba and can survive and reproduce in and spread from crop debris or be transported in infected seed. Even if disease free seed is used and rotations are long, scout your chickpeas carefully for disease. Agronomy free fulltext an update on genetic resistance. Jul 18, 2008 a population study of ascochyta rabiei from the canadian prairies was conducted to assess pathogenicity among isolates with the objectives to investigate the existence of a race or pathotype structure and to evaluate whether there had been a shift to higher aggressiveness between 1998 and 2002. Characterization and identification of an epidemic strain of ascochyta rabiei on chickpeas in northwest china xiaolu chen.
Evaluation of various fungicides for the control of ascochyta rabiei 1995 inamulhaq, m. Systematic mycology and microbiology laboratory invasive fungi fact sheets ascochyta blight of broad beansdidymella fabae ascochyta fabae ascochyta blight is the most severe disease of coolseason pulses davidson and kimber, 2007. Ascochyta rabiei michael wunsch, plant pathologist north dakota state university carrington research extension center 9. Management of ascochyta blight of chickpea causal pathogen.
Breeding for resistance to lentil ascochyta blight g. Structure and pathogenic variability in ascochyta rabiei. Differentiation of ascochyta rabiei ar into 3 classes pathotype i, iiand iii was reported in syria and has been widely accepted and recently highly aggressive pathotype iv has been reported by imtiaz et al. Systematic mycology and microbiology laboratory invasive fungi fact sheets ascochyta blight of broad beansdidymella fabaeascochyta fabae ascochyta blight is the most severe disease of coolseason pulses davidson and kimber, 2007. A comparison of methods for the detection of ascochyta rabiei in. Pdf development of ascochyta blight ascochyta rabiei. Ascochyta blight, chickpea, pathogen, disease management ascochyta blight ab is a devastating and widespread fungal disease of chickpea caused by ascochyta rabiei l. The species didymella fabae anamorph ascochyta fabae that attacks vicia faba can survive and reproduce. Photo by kiersten wise ascochyta blight is the most problematic disease of chickpea in north dakota and a severe disease in most chickpea growing regions of the world. Development of the teleomorph of ascochyta rabiei on culture. In order to critically test the hypothesis that virulence variation in the ascochyta rabieichickpea pathosystem is a discrete character under simple genetic control, a genetic cross was made betwe.
Davidson ja, wilmshurst cj, scott es, salam mu 2012 relationship between ascochyta blight on field pea pisum sativum and spore release patterns of didymella pinodes and other causal agents of ascochyta blight. Ascochyta blight ab caused by ascochyta rabiei pass. Draft genome sequencing and secretome analysis of fungal. Ascochyta blight of chickpeas is caused by the fungal pathogen phoma rabiei formerly known as ascochyta rabiei which is specific to chickpeas. Hence, fungicides are available management an option is essential to successfully manage the disease and mitigate yield losses. The fungus is heterothallic and requires the pairing of two compatible mating types for the teleomorph to develop. Systematic mycology and microbiology laboratory invasive. Pathogenic diversity of ascochyta rabiei isolates and identification. Figure 2 circular arrangement of pycnidia structures that produce infective spores on both stem left and leaf right.
The pathogen only infects chickpea, but related pathogens also attack lentil and pea. Didymella rabiei, commonly called chickpea ascochyta blight fungus is a fungal plant pathogen of chickpea. Status of ascochyta rabiei of chickpea in the mediterranean basin portapuglia a. Ascochyta is a genus of ascomycete fungi, containing several species that are pathogenic to plants, particularly cereal crops. Development of didymella rabiei, the teleomorph of ascochyta. Hilal ozkilinc and canan can, the most recent status of genetic structure of didymella rabiei ascochyta rabiei populations in turkey and the first genotype profile of the pathogen from the wild ancestor, cicer reticulatum, phytoparasitica, 10. P revolves around the secondary structure, presence of 3overhang, star mirna evidence, less than six nucleotides difference between mature and star mirna lengths, the dicer cleavage site and the minimum free energy of the small rna reads meyers et al. Ascochyta blight, caused by ascochyta rabiei, is a serious disease of chickpea cicer arietinum and fungicide applications are used to manage the disease in the north central plains 4. School of land and food sciences, the university of queensland, brisbane, queensland 4072, australia. Ascochyta blight, caused by the fungus ascochyta rabiei, is a serious disease of garbanzo beans chickpeas, cicer arietinum l. Characterization and identification of an epidemic strain. Ascochyta rabieiomicsgroupjournal of plant pathology and. Present status and future prospects of chickpea crop production and improvement in the.
Plant disease pp62 management ndsu extension service. Ascochyta blight occurred in 1986, were sterilized with propylene oxide 4 and used as an ascochytafree control. Baseline sensitivity of ascochyta rabiei to azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, and boscalid article pdf available in plant disease 922 february 2008 with 292 reads how we measure reads. Evaluation of various fungicides for the control of ascochyta. Although blight can be controlled by the use of disease free seeds, destruction of plant disease debris, seed dressing and foliar fungicides but under certain. Ascochyta blight is the most important disease of chickpea worldwide and has been recorded in nearly all producing countries. Studies on the control of ascochyta blight in field peas. Management of ascochyta blight ascochyta rabiei in chickpea using a new fungicide. Apr 12, 2016 ascochyta blight, an infection caused by a complex of ascochyta pinodes, ascochyta pinodella, ascochyta pisi, andor phoma koolunga, is a destructive disease in many field peas pisum sativum l. Gent, martha mikkelson, and jack riesselman identification and life cycle ascochyta blight of chickpea is caused by the fungus ascochyta rabiei. Seed and soil borne nature of ascochyta rabiei makes fungicidal seed treatments essential and useful. Pdf isolation of ascochyta rabiei and a convenient.