To the agronomist and plant breeder it is a practical problem affecting crop. This chapter provides a management perspective on 1 how plants respond to salinity and toxic elements e. Selected salt tolerance references search for plants. All these responses to salinity contribute to deleterious effects on plants, although there are tolerant plants to nacl that can implement a series of. Pdf soil salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses limiting plant growth and resulting in crop yield reductions. The salinity tolerance of seedlings of most vegetable plants is likely to be less than the levels shown. Native plants for wildlife habitat and conservation landscaping.
This document is enh26 which supersedes oh26, one of a series of the department of environmental horticulture, florida cooperative extension service, institute of food and agricultural sciences, university of florida. Many soils in the northern great plains developed directly or indirectly from marine sediments that are naturally high in salts. However, they dont specifically address watering plants with a source that is high in salinity such as the brazos river or lake granbury. To engineer more salttolerant plants it is crucial to unravel the key components of the plant salttolerance network. Slightly salt tolerant plants with the lowest level of tolerance to salt spray. Salt tolerant plants garden reference books frequently categorize plants as salt tolerant if they thrive in coastal or bayside conditions. However, plants have rediscovered their saline origins in more than 70. Based on several sources, the grasses and sedges below are reported to be salt tolerant. Moderately salt tolerant plants tolerant of moderate levels of salt spray, such as that received in landscapes adjacent to the beach front, but which are sheltered by other plants, structures or natural dunes. This publication incorporated an extensive list of crop salt tolerance data. Chesapeake bay watershed, usfws, 2005 native plants for conservation, restoration, and landscaping.
Many grasses can tolerate exposure to salts, especially species native to coastal areas. The tolerances are for resistance to salt spray, soilborne salt, and salt from. Energy costs of salt tolerance in crop plants author for correspondence. This acclimation to salt stress is regulated by aba. Soil salinity, salt tolerance, and growth potential of horticultural and landscape plants alan d. Salt tolerance of landscape plants for south florida. Grieve and others published plant salt tolerance find, read and cite all the research you need on. Since then, maas and grattan 1999 have published updated lists of salt tolerance data. In this context, engineering crops to enhance salt tolerance mechanisms is a promising approach to address these challenges. Soil salinity, salt tolerance, and growth potential of.
For roadside areas, salt spray damage is often localized on the side of the plant facing the road, and on portions of the plant within the spray drift line. Natural protection the impact of salt spray on plants can be lessened by physically blocking salt laden winds. Actual plant response at a given location will vary, depending on the specific composition of the water applied, the soil or growth media, and environmental conditions. Varietal differences and environmental conditions may make plants more or less salt tolerant than indicated in the tables. An index of salinity and boron tolerance of common plants. Landscape plants with reported salt tolerance when selecting plants for residential, city, or highway plantings, keep salt tolerance in mind. The salt tolerant plants are divided into lists by salt tolerance, plant characteristics, and groups associated by light and moisture requirements.
These plants are reported to be tolerant of occasional to frequent exposure to salt water, either through ocean water or deicing salts. But salt is also a problem for northern homeowners who grow gardens along roadsides where the town uses salt to melt ice during the winter. Beans and rice can tolerate about gl, and are considered glycophytes as are most crop plants. This document is enh145, one of a series of the department of environmental horticulture, florida cooperative extension service, institute of food and. To engineer more salt tolerant plants, further knowledge is needed about synergistic effects of certain combinations of tolerance traits. Plants absorb essential plant nutrients in the form of soluble salts, but excessive accumulation of soluble salts, called soil salinity, suppresses plant growth.
Salt tolerance of facultatively halophytic lophopyrum elongatum and the closely related but less salt tolerant wheat t. For most crops, this response function follows a sigmoidal relationship. As distance away from the ocean increases, the level of salt spray decreases, allowing plants with less salt tolerance to survive. Plants that grow only in saline soils are called halophytic or salt loving. Jagendorf, and jiankang zhu abstract even when ece is 3. For some species, the data are clearly consistent and species are indicated as being salt tolerant. Tolerance against saline water sprinkling table series b. For some species, however, depending on how salt tolerance studies were conducted, there may be differences in the results. The salt tolerance of a crop can best be described by plotting its relative yield as a continuous function of soil salinity. The most salt tolerant species surviving in the frontal dune area. Blaylock soil salinity all soils contain some watersoluble salts. Winter salt injury and salttolerant landscape plants. Understanding and improving salt tolerance in plants viswanathan chinnusamy, andre.
Nursery growers and landscape managers will learn which species of plants can be irrigated with water of higher salinity without compromising growth or aesthetics. One quantitative measure of salt tolerance halotolerance is the total dissolved solids in irrigation water that a plant can tolerate. Day3, wieland fricke4, michelle watt5, borjana arsova5, bronwyn j. Tables 2 through 8 describe the salt tolerances of common agricultural, horticultural, and ornamental plants grown in utah.
An excess of salt prevents the plants from absorbing water properly. Trees and shrubs that tolerate saline soils and salt spray drift. The ec values shown in salt tolerance classification must be determined in the soil saturation extract made from soil samples collected from the main root zone. This table provides the reported salt tolerances of selected trees, shrubs, and vines. Salt tolerant plants info sheet for east central florida asterisk indicates native plant trees high salt tolerance common name botanical name acacia, sweet acacia farnesiana autograph treepitch apple clusia rosa black olive bucida buceras buttonwood conocarpus erectus cassia cassia spp.
Millican nurseries 187 pleasant street, chichester, nh 03258 telephone. Always use care when applying deicing salts near plantings. Understanding and improving salt tolerance in plants. Key words salt, salt tolerance, planting guide, roadside plants 18. Landscape plant lists for salt tolerance assessment. Salt tolerant native plants tolerate wind, airborne salt. Salinity tolerance is a topic of continuing interest to a wide range of plant scientists. Maidenhair tree ginkgo biloba red oak quercus rubra serviceberry.
Salttolerant plants for florida 1 cape coral, florida. Sea oats, a highly salt tolerant grass, growing along a coastal area. Enh145 salt tolerance of landscape plants for south florida 1 gary w. T ables provide data on common plants that grow in salt affected areas, recommended species and seeding rates for salinesodic soils, relative salt tolerance of selected grasses, forbs, legumes and rangeland shrubs and relative salt tolerance of selected windbreak and buffer plantings trees and shrubs. Impacts this project will provide information to the green industry regarding salt tolerance of plants commonly used in the southwestern united states. Some plants will tolerate high levels of salinity while. Plant salt tolerance is defined differently depending on the intended use and value of the plant. Halophytic plants are generally found in coastal areas, in saltwater marshes, and in brackish moderately saline wetlands. The presence of some of these plants such as spartina and sea oats is generally. These plants should be used only in areas receiving some. A thorough flushing of soil in spring will help to eliminate residual salt in garden beds. Moderately salt tolerant plants tolerate some salt spray but grow best when protected by buildings, fences, or plantings of more salt tolerant species.
This manual is a tool for ridot landscape and engineering personnel to help select plants for roadside use in rhode island. Plants vary in their ability to grow in salty soils. Salt tolerant plants are highly resistant to salt drift and can be used in exposed environments. For landscape designers and managers, the ability of. For agricultural and horticultural crops, growers are most concerned with achieving economic yield and quality under saline conditions. Excess salts injure plants by disrupting the uptake of water into the roots. Trees and shrubs that tolerate saline soils and salt spray. Slightly salt tolerant plants have poor tolerance and should be always used well back of. A salty spray carried on the winds only exacerbates the problem for wouldbe gardeners in seaside communities. Gumbo limbo bursera simaurubra jerusalem thorn parkinsonia aculeata. Pdf understanding and improving salt tolerance in plants. Salt tolerant grasses exposure to salts, either in coastal environments or along roadsides, can stunt growth and even kill plants.
Salinity tolerance in irrigated crops nsw department of. Seawater typically contains 40 grams per litre gl of dissolved salts mostly sodium chloride. Salt tolerance value ranges for selected example western reclamation and forage species k. Pdf drought and salt tolerance in plants dorothea bartels. This list is compiled from various sources and is not a guarantee by edge of the woods that your plants will not suffer salt. Salt tolerance generally means that salt exposure will not be fatal to the plant. Recent confirmation that many salt tolerance determinants areubiquitous in plants has led to the use of genetic models, like arabidopsis thaliana, to further dissect the plant salt stress response. Coastal plain, vadcr, 2001 east coast seashore gardening with native plants, r.
Tolerance values should be used as a guide when selecting vegetation. This annex reproduces these data together with the introductory sections. Bismarck, north dakota plant materials for saltaffected sites. Salt tolerant plants deciduous trees black gum nyssa sylvatica cherry birch betula lenta honeylocust gleditsia triacanthos var. With the exception of very salt sensitive plants, most landscape plants can tolerate salt concentrations in the medium range. Plant species vary in how well they tolerate salt affected soils. Salt tolerance limits listed in the index are intended as a general reference for selecting plant species for agricultural and horticultural applications. Direct signs such as white salt residue are a strong indication that salt spray may be injuring landscape plants. Genetic variations and differential responses to salinity stress in plants differing in.